农村工业结构时空演进及其环境污染效应评价——基于行业污染程度视角

从行业污染程度的视角对农村工业进行分类,分析农村工业结构变动的时空分异特征,探讨农村工业结构变动对环境影响的机理,构建环境影响指数,定量评价农村工业结构演进的环境污染效应.主要结论如下:①1988-2010年间农村工业轻度污染行业所占比重呈现增加的趋势,而污染行业呈现下降的趋势.研究期内环境影响指数呈现"增长-下降-增长"的变化趋势,2002年以后又逐步呈现增加的趋势.②农村工业结构区域分异特征明显,在省级层面,江苏、山东、浙江、山西、河北、河南、广东、辽宁、上海等省市重污染行业和中度污染占全国重污染行业的比重较多,环境影响指数也都较大.在区域层面上,污染行业也主要集中在东部发达地区,东部地区环境影响指数远远大于中部和西部地区.在环境管理实践中不同的地区应实行差别化的管理政策.     

Multicategory Purchase Incidence Models for Partitions of Product Categories

We analyze multicategory purchases of households by means of heterogeneous multivariate probit models that relate to partitions formed from a total of 25 product categories. We investigate both prior and post hoc partitions. We search model structures by a stochastic algorithm and estimate models by Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The best model in terms of cross‐validated log‐likelihood refers to a post hoc partition with two groups; the second‐best model considers all categories as one group. Among prior partitions with at least two category groups a five‐group model performs best. Effects on average basket value differ for the model with five prior category groups from those for the best‐performing model in 40% and 24% of the investigated categories for features and displays, respectively. In addition, the model with five prior category groups also underestimates total sales revenue across all categories by about 28%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Between meaning culture and presence effects: contemporary biomedical objects as a challenge to museums

The acquisition and display of material artefacts is the raison d’être of museums. But what constitutes a museum artefact? Contemporary medicine (biomedicine) is increasingly producing artefacts that do not fit the traditional museological understanding of what constitutes a material, tangible artefact. Museums today are therefore caught in a paradox. On the one hand, medical science and technologies are having an increasing pervasive impact on the way contemporary life is lived and understood and is therefore a central part of the contemporary world. On the other hand, the objects involved in medical diagnostics and therapies are becoming increasingly invisible and intangible and therefore seem to have no role to play as artefacts in a museum context. Consequently, museums are at risk of becoming alienated from an increasingly important part of contemporary society. This essay elaborates the paradox by employing Gumbrecht’s (2004) distinction between ‘presence’ and ‘meaning’.     

遥感估算植被覆盖度的角度效应分析

植被覆盖度是植被在地面的垂直投影面积占统计区总面积的百分比.由于植被反射的二向性特性,不同角度估算的植被覆盖度原则上不可比,另外,不同观测角度对应像元不同的采样面积,对于非均一地表这种面积差异引起的角度效应也非常显著.本文除了考虑植被的二向性反射,还重点模拟分析了由于像元的采样面积差异引起的角度效应及其带来的植被覆盖度估算误差.模拟结果表明:相比天顶观测,在倾斜40°观测时,对于作物和裸土混合,由于面积误差带来的红光波段反射率差异已高达56%,同时引起的植被覆盖度估算误差达到23%,因此研究植被覆盖度的角度效应问题很有必要.     

面向对象的三维对流扩散问题有限元程序设计

根据三维对流扩散问题的有限元分析,采用面向对象的程序设计语言C ,建立向量类、矩阵类、单元类、结点类、材料类和有限元方法类等,实现三维对流扩散问题的有限元分析程序开发,对相关的对流扩散问题进行数值模拟.结果表明与用结构化语言开发的传统有限元程序相比,程序更易重用、维护、扩充,并且可以融入用C 编制的大型通用有限元科学和工程计算软件.     

应用高分子材料整治铁路桥梁支座病害

分析了铁路桥梁支座病害的成因,介绍了应用高分子材料整治桥梁支座病害的施工工艺和取得的效果.     

酸樱桃果实有效成分及药理作用的研究

酸樱桃果实营养丰富、均衡,含有大量的维生素(VA,VB,VC)和矿物质(K,Ca,Fe),而糖类、脂肪、热量的含量较低;尤其富含花青素、各种花色苷、褪黑激素、槲皮素、异槲皮素和其他有效成分.大量研究发现它们具有显著的药理作用,如调节睡眠、清除自由基、抗氧化作用、抗炎、镇痛、抗癌、预防心血管疾病、降低血糖、延缓衰老等.因此,对酸樱桃果实有效成分及药理作用进行了研究.     

Enhanced anti-sunward flow near local noon during a period of horizontal IMF and high solar wind velocity <Emphasis Type="Italic">V</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">Y</Emphasis></Subscript>

It is believed that a southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is mainly responsible for the energy input from solar wind into the magnetosphere. This paper presents an unusual case of strong anti-sunward plasma flow (up to 2 km/s) in the polar cap ionosphere and large cross-polar cap potential (CPCP) during a period of horizontal IMF (|B _Z | < 2 nT) observed by both ACE (at the L1 point) and Geotail (on the dusk flank of the magnetosheath). The CPCP is even higher than that under preceding B _Z ≈ −23 nT. Furthermore, GOES8 observed that the magnetosheath field turns northward as the anti-sunward plasma flow and CPCP start to increase, which implies that the magnetosheath field interacting with the Earth’s magnetopause has significantly rotated and differs from the IMF observed by ACE and Geotail. In accordance with previous theoretical work, we suggest that the magnetic field line draping produces a southward magnetosheath field and enhances anti-sunward plasma flow and the CPCP.     

矩形通道内具有Rayleigh-Benard对流的湍流换热大涡模拟

基于动态Smagorinsky涡黏模型对矩形通道截面内具有Rayleigh-Benard对流的湍流充分流动和换热问题进行了大涡模拟研究,分析了浮升力对管道截面的平均速度、温度分布以及雷诺应力的影响.湍流雷诺数为400,格拉晓夫数从105变化到107.研究结果表明:随着格拉晓夫数的增大,浮升力增强,通道内平均速度减小;亚格子黏性系数明显增大,湍流强度增强,换热也明显增强;由于浮升力的存在,在高温壁面附近,主流湍动能减小,展向湍流强度大大增强;初始条件对平均速度及温度的分布有一定的影响,但对平均的阻力系数及换热系数没有影响.